Housing Organization Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Housing Organization - Case Study Example GFHA, on the other hand, appeared to have a more dictatorial style of management with a downward flow of communication. The newly created housing association would be based in new offices located in the centre of the borough. The management considered centralisation to be beneficial, as it would assist in "building bridges" amongst residents living across the borough using their services. It would also assist staff in the association, to work more closely. Hatton Cross has experienced all the problems associated with management of change - communications being the area most affected. As a result it was feared that communications between them and their client base has also been compromised. Therefore, in an attempt to resolve any issues and improve communications the management have approached our consultancy firm. Reid and Hickman (2002) have emphasized the link between organisational development in social housing management systems and tenant participation. The paper shows that social housing organisations are increasingly taking up the role of learning organisations and highlights the importance of tenant participation arrangements in addition to providing opportunities for tenants to influence organisational decision making, Tenants and housing members thus not only change organisational management systems but helps in organisational learning, prompting and brings about organisational adaptation and change. The idea of a learning organisation has made a significant contribution in management consultancy and is not just a part of the management culture but also a part of the social system of housing management in government administrative agenda. The notion of a learning organisation in the context of housing organisation could be emphasised along with the fact that housing organisations are broadly focused on organisational commitment, responsivenes

Logistical and Value Chain Strategies at Philips

Logistical and Value Chain Strategies at Philips 1.1 Introduction Philips is the multinational enterprise that I have chosen for this assignment. Philips is a company originated from Eindhoven, the Netherlands and was founded in year 1891 by Anton and Gerard Philips (Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V, 2004-2010). Philips begun manufacturing carbon-filament lamps and by the turn of the century, had become one of the largest producers in Europe (Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V, 2004-2010). In year 1914 to 1945, the incandescent lamp, and gas discharge lamps proved more efficient in generating light after the improvements were made, so it has comes out new products there are X-ray tube and radio valve (Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V, 2004-2010). Start from 1970 until today, the revolutionary developments such like the introduction of CD, DVD and Blu-ray Disc show that Philips research has been tied much more closely to industrial and business activities (Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V, 2004-2010). Philips also continue innovating new products such as Ambilight which can brought a new dimension to TV viewing and developed Lumiramic which is a groundbreaking new phosphor technology for energy efficient white LEDs (Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V, 2004-2010). Based on Mapsofworld.com (2008), Philips is one of the biggest electronics companies in the world and known as market leader in energy saving lighting solutions, medical diagnostic imaging, consumer electronic and others. Although Philips have comes out many types of electronic products, such like television, radio, MP3 player but their core product are lamps. Which means Philips is more expertise or profession in making lamps. 1.2 Philips is a Multinational Corporate (MNC) MNC is a company that has headquarters in one country has operations in other countries (Wall, Minocha and Rees, 2010, pg28). Besides, company that place their manufacturing, sales, or service subsidiaries in more than one foreign country are known as MNC too (Farlex, Inc., 2010). Normally MNC will develop new products in home country after that manufactures those products in foreign country such as Third World country in order to gain the trade advantages and economies of labour and materials (Farlex, Inc., 2010). By operate business at foreign country, MNC also help in develop that particular country through create wealth, job opportunities, and improve technologies (Farlex, Inc., 2010). Philips is one of the Multinational Corporate (MNC) too. There are more than 60 countries all over the world are the branches of Philips, including Brazil which is the place that produced equipment (Clarity Digital Group LLC d/b/a Examiner.com). The branches of Philips are located in Malaysia, Hong Kong, Thailand, Singapore, Korea and others country. In addition, Philips maintains the research centre at home country, Netherland because they have the technology and are more expert in innovating and design new products. Philips placed their manufacturer in host country such as China and Thailand, to gain economies of scale by having a cheaper labour cost. 1.3 Definition of Logistics Chain and Value Chain At first I will define what is mean by logistics chain and value chain. Logistics chain is parts of the supply chain process such as transportation and inventory control. The logistics activities are repeated many times throughout the channel through which raw materials are transforming into finished goods and consumer value is added (Ballou, R. H., 2004, pg7). Besides, logistic chain defines as the successive steps comprising a logistic-process in a particular industry (WebFinance, Inc., 2010). Whereas, the value chain is the activities that convert raw materials into finished goods and creating value at each of the making process (Farlex, Inc., 2010). The primary activities that included in the value chain are inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and services (QuickMBA.com, 1999-2010). The secondary activities included in the value chain are firm infrastructure, human resource management, technological development and purchasing (QuickMBA.com, 1999-2010). The primary activities of value chain play an important role in the whole value chain, because the activities are start from getting raw materials and then through manufacture and process it to become a finished goods, then prepare to sell to customer and the last step is after sales service such like warranty. The secondary activities are supporting the primary activities, such as procurement means purchase raw materials to run the inbound logistics. Besides, logistics chain is the process that control the flow of stocks and storage of finished products, and also sent the finished products from point of origin to the point of consumption to meet customer requirements (Ballou, R. H., 2004, pg4). Thus the logistic chain and value chain are so important for a company. 2. Logistical and Value Chain Strategies 2.1 Logistical Strategies Logistics are the activities that including materials management and distribution. The materials management activity help Philips plan how to control their inventory level in the most effective ways and do not keep too many inventories which can add cost to the logistics activity. The example of logistical strategy that can manage the inventory of a company is Inventory Management Software (SAP). For the distribution activity, Philips can choose what transportation modes that is most suitable use in deliver the finished products from warehouse to distribution centres and lastly to customer. The example of logistic strategy that can help to manage the distribution activity is by outsourcing to the third party logistics. Logistics strategy of a company is to define the most cost effective of the service levels that perform by the logistics organization of the company (About.com, a part of The New York Times Company, 2010). Besides, the logistic strategies can give competitive advantage and help to specific product lines, specific countries or specific customers (About.com, a part of The New York Times Company, 2010). By the way, Philips does have implemented few logistic strategies in its overseas operations. For example, the host country of Philips which is Philips Malaysia has implemented few logistical strategies, there are outsource logistics to third party logistics and adopt Inventory Management software. The reason that Philips Malaysia implements logistic strategy is to adapt to the flexibility of supply chain by make changes to organization to provide a best service levels (About. com, a part of The New York Times Company, 2010). 2.2 Value Chain Strategies Value chain is same as value-adding activities which are transform inputs into outputs, then add to the bottom line and leading to competitive advantage (WebFinance, Inc., 2010). The inbound logistics activities are materials handling, warehousing and inventory control of raw materials, operations are the processes such as packaging, assembly and machining, outbound logistics activities are delivery vehicle operation, scheduling and order processing (QuickMBA.com, 1999-2010). Besides, the secondary activities of value chain such as technology is an important source of competitive advantage, because company need to innovate to reduce costs and sustain competitive advantage , technology that were include are production technology, internet marketing activities, customer relationship management and so on (Marketing Teacher Ltd., 2010). The value chain strategy can bring many benefits to a company. Those benefits are gain economies of scale, improved information, reduce cost of production and so on (Government of Alberta, 2008-2010). The value chain strategies implemented by Philips on its overseas operations are outsourcing value chain activity to China, joint venture with China and move all factories to Thailand. 3. Philips Logistical and Value Chain Strategies 3.1 Logistic strategies that implemented by Philips Malaysia company 3.1.1 Outsource logistics activity to third party logistics: The third party logistics defined as the activity of outsourcing activities which related to Logistics and Distribution (Logistics List, 2005-2010). From the logistic view, third party acts as the parties that help other company to transport products to retailers (Logistics List, 2005-2010). Philips in Malaysia does have outsourced their distribution activities to third party logistic, such as NST Logistic Company. Thats mean Philips Malaysia do not have to take part in the process which is sending products to retailers from their manufacture factory. NST Logistic Company job is getting the products from manufacture factory of Philips Malaysia and deliver those products to retailers and customers of Philips Malaysia. The reason that Philips Malaysia decided to outsource logistics activities to third party logistic is to reduce capital, which mean minimizing the level of investment in the logistics system and maximizing the return on logistics assets (Ballou, R. H., 2004, pg36). For example, by outsourcing logistics activities, Philips Malaysia do not have to own or rent a warehouse to store finish products that prepare deliver to customers because NST Logistic Company will help to store finish products and deliver to customer of Philips Malaysia. Another reason is Philips Malaysia found that NST Logistics Company is more expert in logistic activities. For example, NST Logistics Company manages more than 100,000 sq ft of warehouse space through its subsidiary Smart Warehousing Service and also sub contracted trucks ranging from 1 ton box trucks to 20 tons containers (NST LOGISTICS SDN BHD, 2008).With the expertise, Philips Malaysia can ensure their customers have receive a best logistic services. 3.1.2 Adopt the SAP Inventory Management Software: SAP is known as System Application Products, which creates a common centralised database for all the applications running in a company (EzineArticles.com, 2010). Philips Malaysia is adopting SAP Inventory Management software helps in manage their inventories such as raw materials and finished products. The functions of SAP Inventory Management software are record and track materials on the basis of both quantity and value (SAP). With the software, the warehouse workers can track the quantity and value of materials, perform physical inventory, and optimize warehouse resources (SAP). For example, the warehouse workers can plan, enter, and document warehouse and internal stock movements by managing goods receipts and issues, storage, physical stock transfers and so on (SAP). Philips Malaysia implement the inventory management software is because they found that their warehouse management are not efficient. For instance, the inventory holding cost is high. Those inventory holding cost are capital cost, service cost and storage cost (WebFinance, Inc., 2010). Philips Malaysia needs to pay the costs of stock management, the raw materials, and insurance. 3.2 Value chain strategies that implemented by Philips Company 3.2.1 Outsourcing: Outsourcing means subcontracting a part of activity to a third party company to perform, although that activity could otherwise be performed by in-house workers (Hinzie Media Inc., 2008-2010). Normally a company decided to outsource some of the production activity is due to some reason such like lack of expertise, cost effectiveness and competitive advantage. Philips does have outsourced their value chain activity to China. Philips decided to not make the gear lamps by themselves and choose to buy the gear lamps components from China. This is because Philips found that if make the gear lamps by themselves, it would more costly. For example, in the inbound logistic activity of Philips, Philips buys components which are known as gear lamps from China and use on assemble process and finally comes out a finished product such like lamps. The reasons that Philips outsources gear lamps to China are due to the political environment, economic environment and technological environment. For the political environment, because there is no political risk in China such as inflation, so the operating cost wont be high (Wall, Minocha and Rees, 2010, pg134). In the economic aspect, due to the large population in China, Philips believed that the consumer purchasing power over there will be high. Besides, on the technological aspect China are more expert in making gear lamps compare to others country. 3.2.2 Joint- Venture with China: Philips joint venture in China since 1985 and now Philips hold 23 joint ventures and wholly owned enterprise with employing 14000 people nationwide (Hangzhou Jiaoyu science and Technology Co., Ltd, 2005-2009). For example, Philips-Shanghai Yaming Lighting Co., Ltd in China is a joint-venture with Philips Lighting, Netherlands (Focus Technology Co., Ltd., 2010). The Energy Saving Lamp is manufacture by the joint venture corporate between Philips, Netherlands and China. The reason that Philips joint venture with China is because in China their labour cost will be lower than in Netherlands. This is because China has a large population, so there are many people can work, and the salary of worker will be cheaper. Whereas, in Netherlands, the population are much lesser than China, and people over there are not willing to work in factory some more they require a high paid salary. Another reason is build a factory in Netherlands was too costly compare to China. Other than that, the infrastructure in China is so convenient. So that, Philips decided to joint venture with China, by operate their manufacturing with China corporate. 3.2.3 Move all factories to Thailand: Philips decided close all the lamps manufacturing factory in Malaysia and Singapore, and shift to Thailand. Philips Thailand is the corporate that supplying lighting to Asia Pacific, such as Philips Malaysia and Philips Singapore (SIAM FUTURE DEVELOPMENT PLC., 1999-2004). Philips Thailand core activity is focusing in manufacturing and selling lamps (SIAM FUTURE DEVELOPMENT PLC., 1999-2004). The reason that Philips moves all lamps manufacturing factory to Thailand is due to the geographical location of Thailand. Since that Thailand is situated in a good location, which is nearby to Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong and others Asia Pacific. So, its very convenient for Malaysia and Singapore to order inventory from Philips Thailand. For instance, Philips Thailand can deliver inventory to Philips Malaysia by using truck or ship. Another reason is, by centralize all the lamps manufacturing factory to Thailand, it can help Philips to gain the economies of scale. The economies of scale define as the increasing efficiencies of the production of goods as the number of goods being produced increases and the average costs of producing a good will lower as each additional good is produced (Learnthat.com, 1998-2004). Other advantages that can obtain after centralize lamps production in Thailand are maximizing production capacity, improvement to a constant product quality, and improve o rder and delivery lead time to the respective country. 4. Recommendations After found out all the logistical and value chain strategies that implemented by Philips on its overseas operations currently, I would like to suggest some changes that might be require to its logistical and value chain strategies over the next few years. Firstly, the value chain strategies used by Philips are outsourcing and joint venture with China companies. In view of economic issue nowadays, Chinas economy environment keep on improving at a very fast pace and also getting more and more vibrant. So that, in the next few coming years you will realize that the cost of operation will be getting more and more expensive. For instance, workers demand for higher wages and more benefits. Other than that, the values of properties in China also keep on rising and double up, such as the prices of land and factories. In order to solve this problem, I would like to recommend Philips to reduce the number of production centres in China, which means reduce the number of manufacturing factories in China. By this way, Philips can cut down the cost of operating and achieving the economies of scale in production. With the reducing numbers of operating factories, automatically the cost of workers and costs of management will be decrease too. Besides, Philips can also think of manufacturing more high-end products in China, such as the Philips LED lamps. With this high value products, it can helps to cover the rising workers costs that would going to be happen in years to come. Moving the operations to another country is not a good solution, because China has a large domestic market, moving out meaning losing that market. Actually there is a risk to centralize all the factories in Thailand. As we know, Thailand is facing an unstable political environment now. It is forecast that the unstable political environment of Thailand would prolong and it will affect the operation of Philips Thailand in the next few coming years. Hence, Philips can think of shift the manufacturing factories in Thailand to either Vietnam or Myanmar. The reason is because Myanmar and Vietnam are neighbor countries of Thailand. Both the countries are just situated nearby Thailand. It would not be a big impact in terms of geographical location. Firstly we talk about Vietnam, for the past ten years, Vietnam has an open trade policy which encouraged foreign direct investment (FDI) to their country. At the same time, infrastructures in Vietnam are keeping on improving too. Vietnam is not lacking of human resources as well such as technical workers, management teams and etc. The political situation in Myanmar is continues to improve and investment environment also getting better and better, so Philips can consider to move manufacturing branch to Myanmar as well. 5. Conclusion In conclusion, Philips as a multinational corporate realizes that the logistics chain and value chain activities are so important for the whole logistic and supply chain management. The logistic and value chain activities are the whole processes of transform raw materials into finished goods then distribute to warehouses and finally deliver the finished products from the point of origin to the point of consumption. For example, from all the small component parts such as gear lamps go through the manufacturing process and finally become finished goods known as lamp. In order to let the logistic and value chain activities run smoothly, Philips have implemented few logistical strategy and value chain strategy in the host country such as Philips Malaysia, Philips Thailand, and China. Philips Malaysia has outsourced the logistics activities to third party logistics which provide the transportation and warehouse services. Besides, Philips Malaysia are using SAP inventory management software to management their warehouse activities. Other than that, Philips had decided to buy the components parts from China rather than make it by own. Other than outsourcing to China, Philips does have joint venture with China corporate. Philips also centralized all the lamps manufacturing factories in Thailand. Although Philips had implemented the logistical and value chain strategies in the overseas operations, but there are some external factors that can affect the operations of Philips corporate. Those external factors are such like political issue, economy issue, technological issue and etc. So, Philips need to have some changes on the current logistical and value chain strategies. Lastly, Philips should always get ready to face the changes that might affect the current logistical and value chain strategies by find out the most suitable ways to overcome the problem.

Adult Education Essay -- essays research papers

Community Based Adult Education A. Global Assessment of Community Based Adult Education. This includes most important contributions they can make to society in the face of what are considered the most significant challenges of the 1990's. Who are the customers and how can they best be served? Which of the philosophies of adult education are most evident in each case?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Adult educators in community based development identify with a specific content area or with a specific clientele. For example literacy (the adult reading programs established throughout different communities) and also health (aids awareness programs).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aims and purposes of community-based adult education are usually directly related to specific community issues.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Community Development (strictly an educational process; everything else is secondary) vs. Popular Education (providing social skills useful to the oppressed).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Community-Based education operates on the assumption that a given community has potential to solve many of its problems.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The customers are the people in the community with common needs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paulo Freire is the principle thinker under the Popular Education. B. What trends are evident (or can be expected) that will impact such institutions:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Education with the people instead of for the peop...

Health and My Body Care

Health is the most important thing in a person’s life. It is the biggest personal property. Every person should think more about his health because when health is lost, everything is lost. Good health is better than the best medicine. And if your health is good, you are always in a good mood. But sickness in the body brings sickness to the mind. It even can cause of economic burdens for family. So we shouldn’t wait when health comes like a bolt from the blue, we should do something ourselves.As for me I have many ways to take care of my health. For example, I do morning exercises in the morning. It doesn’t take much time and I can feel bright, I can get back my energy after a long sleep. I try to take long walks in the open air as often as I can. But when the weather is not very bad I sleep with my window open. I also like playing some sports: biking or badminton. I think sport is very important in our life. It is a way leading you to the healthy life.And playing sport is useful for our health. I also have the strict day’s routine. I never do my homework very late in the evening. Evening is my rest time. All my life is planned. I usually try to plan everything ahead so I don’t have to hurry. Beside the day’s activities, food is a factor to improve my health. I eat three times a day. I never miss breakfast or overfeed. I like eating a lot of vegetables and fresh fruit, drink fruit juice.Sugar and fat is a few and I also use a little meat and salt. I also keep my body clean, wear clean clothes. Looking at a person who is clean and orderly dressed you can feel better too. Hairbrushes, toothbrushes are not lent. Every person should use only his personal things. That’s all about my body care. I think if you have a good health you can do everything. Health and wellness brings about a drastic improvement in the overall quality of your life. So, take care of your health best!

Spending Habits of Students

What are the possible solutions that students must do to overcome/to control their spending habits? What is the main factor that affects the students spending habits? Introduction: Spending money is a habitual work of people, it can't be avoid because our world is full of price tag, but every stage of a person has its own habits in spending money. In this research, students will be the main topic in spending money.One day millionaire!!! That is how students practice their spending habits. These habits developed mostly during college. By then, students receive bigger allowance from their parents. This is the time when young men and women start to make decisions on their own. Students all over the world spend in several different ways; most students prioritize their school needs rather than their wants which affect their spending habits.What can be the possible solutions for the students to overcome or to control their spending habits? What can be the main factor that affects the stude nts spending habits? Students must learn how to handle their finances. They have to know the value of money even in its little amount. They have to develop positive spending habit; otherwise, it will be a future problem for him/her because he/she spends the money In an incorrect way.

Free Essays on The Art And Science Of Teaching

is a physical expression one uses as an outlet to define a part of them. Science- is a way of acquiring knowledge. To do science, one must follow a specific universal methodology. The central theme in this methodology is the testing of hypotheses and the ability to make predictions. The overall goal of science is to better understand nature and our Universe.(Physical Geography.net 2004) Science while it does involve some creativity is a more general ‘the study of something’. It is furthering ones knowledge of something by means of dissection, experimentation and continued questioning. Science is our way of defining life. It is the underlying basis for all things. Humans like to be able to prove everything, and science is the means to an end. There are still many things that cannot be proven, and remain rhetorical. This is where there are different theories open for discussion, and perhaps where a bit of art comes in. In any case a definite cause for argument. If science c... Free Essays on The Art And Science Of Teaching Free Essays on The Art And Science Of Teaching The Art and Science of Teaching Paper Good teaching is both good science and fine art. Its beginning is not with the learner but with a philosophical encounter with the self. Who am I? Who ought I to be? Who ought I to be as a teacher? The ongoing reflections that one weaves regarding these questions create the tapestry and landscape of teaching as a science and art. Thus, who I am greatly affects and reflects the quality and outcomes of one’s teaching. Each individual student is different. Each class of students is different. Each course is different. Each teacher is different. Each teacher-student encounter is different. The good teacher acknowledges and accepts these differences while, at the same time, sees commonalities, a respect for students and for self, and openness to teachable moments. Good teaching, that which exemplifies the scholarship of teaching is both good science and fine art. The art and science of teaching is knowing different ways of teaching a skill or new knowledge. Not only is it important to know different strategies (e.g., children working in groups of mixed ability or in pairs) but also when it is appropriate to use them. Another part of the art and science of teaching is being able to use new technologies (e.g., the internet) competently. Because students learn in different ways, they can benefit from drawing 1 2 pictures, writing mnemonics (memory aids), (one common sort is rhyming poems, stories or songs), writing new knowledge down or showing a student how to do something. Whether a teacher views one entity as art or science depends on the qualities that the teacher perceives that it contains. The art of teaching is centered in the individual experience and practice of the teacher. The art and science of teaching can be described as the interconnected workings of the personal nature and the professional nature of the teacher. There are numerous distinctions between these two ... Free Essays on The Art And Science Of Teaching The Art and Science of Teaching What is behind the art and science of teaching? These two almost opposing subjects come together to form the basis of just about anything. You think left brain, right brain; I am good at math and bad at drawing, blah blah blah. Somewhere in my past I was told you are one or the other, so from that moment on, I just never thought of them being components of each other. When in reality they are each other. There is always an art as well as a science to everything. Art- the products of human creativity; works of art collectively; an art exhibition; a fine collection of art. (Princeton 2004). Human creativity is what keeps us moving in different directions. If there was no creativity anywhere we would probably still be clothed in loincloths, hunting and gathering and what have you. No one would have ever thought to start a fire, create the wheel, plant a garden, move society in a forwardish direction. Art in my own words is a physical expression one uses as an outlet to define a part of them. Science- is a way of acquiring knowledge. To do science, one must follow a specific universal methodology. The central theme in this methodology is the testing of hypotheses and the ability to make predictions. The overall goal of science is to better understand nature and our Universe.(Physical Geography.net 2004) Science while it does involve some creativity is a more general ‘the study of something’. It is furthering ones knowledge of something by means of dissection, experimentation and continued questioning. Science is our way of defining life. It is the underlying basis for all things. Humans like to be able to prove everything, and science is the means to an end. There are still many things that cannot be proven, and remain rhetorical. This is where there are different theories open for discussion, and perhaps where a bit of art comes in. In any case a definite cause for argument. If science c...

Free Essays on Animal Farm

George Orwell’s Animal Farm expressed the idea that a utopia, such as communism, cannot work. The animals in this story were supposed to represent the leaders and the people of Russia. The pigs represented the government who said everything was for the good of the people, but they really just wanted to be the absolute leaders of the country. Boxer was a strong horse on Animal Farm. He represented all of the common people. He was considered to be unintelligent and easily controlled. He often said, â€Å"I will work harder.† This showed that he cared for the other animals. He wanted them to have a good life. He also said, â€Å"Napoleon is always right,† which showed that he was submissive to power and could be outsmarted very easily. Like Boxer, the people of Russia wanted a better life. They thought that working harder and always obeying the leaders was right. They were easily controlled and didn’t realize their own power. Napoleon was a pig on Animal Farm who was the dictator. He drove out Snowball, then took over as the leader. Napoleon took the ideas of Snowball that he said were bad, then used them himself saying that they were his ideas in the first place. Napoleon represented Stalin who took over Russia with great force. He said that the Russian society could be better, but the people had to work harder than ever for it. It ended up that the people were not working for their greater good, but for the good of their leaders. On Animal Farm, Napoleon won the animals’ favor with Squealer to help him. Squealer told the other animals that Napoleon was always working on ways to help the animals when he was actually only thinking of the pigs. The idea of a utopia sounds positive, but is one that can’t work. There will always be a Napoleon who wants power and a Boxer who is submissive and stupid enough to follow the abusive leaders.... Free Essays on Animal Farm Free Essays on Animal Farm George Orwell’s Animal Farm expressed the idea that a utopia, such as communism, cannot work. The animals in this story were supposed to represent the leaders and the people of Russia. The pigs represented the government who said everything was for the good of the people, but they really just wanted to be the absolute leaders of the country. Boxer was a strong horse on Animal Farm. He represented all of the common people. He was considered to be unintelligent and easily controlled. He often said, â€Å"I will work harder.† This showed that he cared for the other animals. He wanted them to have a good life. He also said, â€Å"Napoleon is always right,† which showed that he was submissive to power and could be outsmarted very easily. Like Boxer, the people of Russia wanted a better life. They thought that working harder and always obeying the leaders was right. They were easily controlled and didn’t realize their own power. Napoleon was a pig on Animal Farm who was the dictator. He drove out Snowball, then took over as the leader. Napoleon took the ideas of Snowball that he said were bad, then used them himself saying that they were his ideas in the first place. Napoleon represented Stalin who took over Russia with great force. He said that the Russian society could be better, but the people had to work harder than ever for it. It ended up that the people were not working for their greater good, but for the good of their leaders. On Animal Farm, Napoleon won the animals’ favor with Squealer to help him. Squealer told the other animals that Napoleon was always working on ways to help the animals when he was actually only thinking of the pigs. The idea of a utopia sounds positive, but is one that can’t work. There will always be a Napoleon who wants power and a Boxer who is submissive and stupid enough to follow the abusive leaders.... Free Essays on Animal Farm One night when Farmer Jones has gone to bed drunk, all the animals of Manor Farm assemble in the barn for a meeting. Old Major, the prize pig, wants to tell them about a strange dream he had. First, he tells them in clear, powerful language "the nature of life" as he has come to understand it. Animals toil, suffer, get barely enough to eat; as soon as they are no longer useful, they are slaughtered. And why? Because animals are enslaved by Man, "the only creature that consumes without producing." There is only one solution: Man must be removed. And animals must be perfectly united for their common goal: Rebellion. After a brief interruption caused by the dogs chasing after some rats and a vote proposed by Major to decide if rats are comrades (they are), Major sums up: All animals are friends, Man is the enemy. Animals must avoid Man's habits: no houses, beds, clothes, alcohol, money, trade. Above all, "we are brothers. No animal must ever kill any other animal. All animals are equal." He cannot describe his dream to them, "a dream of the earth as it will be when Man has vanished." But he does teach them an old animal song, "Beasts of England," which came back to him in his dream. The repeated singing of this revolutionary song throws the animals into a frenzy. Major dies soon after, but the animals feel they should prepare for the Rebellion he preached. The work of teaching and organizing the others falls on the pigs, thought to be the cleverest animals. Snowball and Napoleon are "pre-eminent among the pigs"; and then there is Squealer, "a brilliant talker." Mr. Jones drinks and neglects his farm more and more. One evening, when he has forgotten to feed them for over a day, the animals break into the store-shed and begin helping themselves. Jones and his men charge in, lashing with their whips. This is more than the hungry animals can bear. They all fling themselves on their tormentors. The surprised and frightened men are drive... Free Essays on Animal Farm George Orwell’s Animal Farm takes place on a farm somewhere in England. An all-knowing narrator in the third person tells the story. The action of this novel starts when the oldest pig on the farm, Old Major, calls all animals to a secret meeting. He tells them about his dream of a revolution against the cruel Mr. Jones. Three days later Major dies, but the speech gives the more intelligent animals a new outlook on life. The pigs, which are considered the most intelligent animals, instruct the other ones. During the period of preparation, two pigs differentiate themselves, Napoleon and Snowball. Napoleon is big, and although he isn't a good speaker, he can contend himself. Snowball is a better speaker, he has a lot of ideas and he is very dramatic. Together with another pig called Squealer, who is a very good speaker, they work out the theory of "Animalism". The rebellion starts some months later, when Mr. Jones comes home drunk one night, and forgets to feed the animals. They break out of the barns and run to the house where the food is stored. When Mr. Jones recognizes this he takes out his shotgun, but it is to late for him, all the animals fall over him and drive him off the farm. The animals destroy all whips, nose rings, reins, and all other instruments that have been used to restrain them. The same day the animals celebrate their victory with an extra portion of food. The pigs make up the seven commandments, and they write them above the door of the big barn. They read as follows: 1. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. 2. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings is a friend. 3. No animal shall wear clothes. 4. No animal shall sleep in a bed. 5. No animal shall drink alcohol. 6. No animal shall kill another animal. 7. All animals are equal. These commandments are summarized in the simple phrase: "Four legs good, two legs bad". After some time Mr. Jones comes back with some other men to take... Free Essays on Animal Farm In the novel Animal Farm, George Orwell uses farm animals to create the conflict between Marxist Socialism and Russian Communism. Orwell uses these actual historical events to create his novel but reorganizes them to fit his plot. Manor farm symbolizes Russia, Mr. Jones is the Czar of Russia, and the pigs are the Bolsheviks. In addition, the humans represent the working class, and the animals are the workers and the peasants. The main characters in Animal Farm are Old Major, Napoleon, Boxer and Squealer. Old Major is an inspired, boar who provides the political philosophy on which Animal Farm is established. His philosophy of Animalism is a mixture of Marx and Lenin. He shows the animals how their lives are miserable and confined under the cruelty of Farmer Jones and inspires them to revolt. He wants to establish a utopian society on the farm, and in result, he wants the animals to live happily in equality and freedom. However, his dreams are not concrete and he never has a plan for achievement. At the end of the first chapter, Old Major dies right before the rebellion just as Lenin did in the Russian Revolution. In result, his skull is dug up and is paid weekly tributes to by the animals for a period of time. This could also be symbolic for Lenin’s body. In reality, Stalin and Trotski argue over power after Lenin’s death, which Orwell imitates in Napoleon and Snowball. Snowball is a pig who is a competitor for leadership on the farm. He is livelier, quicker in speech, and more creative than Napoleon. He is also much more concerned about the welfare of all the animals. He proves that he is a good thinker, and planner. He plans the 'Battle of Cowshed' in advance, and fights bravely. He is then acclaimed a hero after his victory. In reality, this battle represents the civil war that followed the Russian Revolution. Mr. Jones is helped by his neighbors, just as some western countries sent troops to help the Russian forces. Snowba... Free Essays on Animal Farm George Orwell’s, Animal Farm, was written to illustrate the events of the Marxist Revolution of 1917. He wrote this book during the time of the German attack against Russia. During this time, a popular belief that the Soviet Union was an honorable country concerned Orwell. He was fearful that they would forget the past, so in order to jog their memories he wrote Animal Farm. The animals in the story portrayed humans during the Marxist Revolution of 1917. It was very evident that the actions associated with the characters in the story were those of their human counterparts. Snowball clearly depicted Leon Trotsky in Animal Farm, through Snowball’s actions, Trotsky’s factual history, and a comparison of the two characters will justify the thesis. Snowball was the most sympathetic animal that could be leader of the animal farm. He had the ability to lead as well as the passion for the betterment of Animal Farm. He believed in Old Major’s vision and wanted to help make it a reality. For example, in Chapter III after the harvest, under Snowball’s leadership the animals held meetings on Sunday’s to plan for the next week’s work and to discuss any decisions previously made (Orwell pg. 43). This example shows how Snowball was more inclined to work toward improving the Animal Farm, rather than just looking out for himself like Napoleon and the pigs. Snowball is genuine in his leadership to the extent that he organized reading and writing classes, so all the animals could make informed decisions when they voted or were part of the committee meetings (Orwell, pg 45). Snowball was not only sympathetic to the needs of the animals to improve their lives, but he also understood the strategies of war. In Chapte r IV when the pigeons had delivered word that there was a mob of humans ready to attack Animal Farm, Snowball knew just how to handle the situation (Orwell, pg 55). Without Snowball’s leadership the animals may not have survived ... Free Essays on Animal Farm Summary of Animal Farm Animal Farm takes place on an English farm named Manor Farm, owned by Mr. Jones. The story is about the rebellion of the farm animals, and is told from their point of view. The story begins with Mr. Jones stumbling into bed, unable to lock up the farm because of his drinking. Old Major, the well-respected boar, has called all the animals together for a meeting to take place after Mr. Jones has gone to bed. They all gather outside the big barn on the farm. Old Major tells them all that he had a dream last night, in which he saw his death, and also understood more clearly the life of animals. He wants to share his thoughts to the rest of the animals while he still can. Old Major points out to the animals that the cause of their miserable lives is the cause of Man, who is a lazy, incompetent creature who uses the animals for their labor. Just for his own benefit. Old Major describes his vision of an England where animals could live in peaceful and have coexistence with each other, free from the cruel Man. He encourages the animals to band together to defeat their enemy, and teaches them all "Beasts of England," the song which becomes their rebellion song and battle song. The animals are greatly moved by Old Major's speech, and like the rebellion idea, singing "Beasts of England" until Mr. Jones is awakened from his sleep and fires a shot into the air, quieting the animals to sleep. Three days later, Old Major dies and is buried. His revolutionary belief lives on, and the animals begin to conjure up revolutionary ideas with which they will overthrow Mr. Jones. Two of the pigs, Snowball and Napoleon, emerge as the leaders of the animals. Another pig named Squealer is also prominent for his persuasive speaking ability. These three pigs create a government and name it "Animalism," and begin teaching it to the rest of the animals, often simplifying and slowly reasoning with the less-intelligent animals such as the... Free Essays on Animal Farm Animal Farm, By George Orwell George Orwell's Novella â€Å"Animal Farm† tells us, the surface tale of an animal rebellion, a wish to find their utopia and to live as one peacefully, however in reality â€Å"Animal Farm† is a story surrounded by deceit, deception, uneducated masses and the eventual down fall of what was hoped to be the epitomize of happiness for the down trodden workers of Manor Farm. Their idealism was betrayed and replaced by a web of lies to keep the down trodden down and pigs in power. Throughout the novel there is a consistent dark undertone to the story, often focused around the working animals and their trampled hopes and dreams for the original â€Å"Animal Farm† this mainly occurs at the start of the novel where the idea of â€Å"Animal Farm† is first brought to light. The animals put all the beliefs and ideas towards the construction of their utopia in which all animals are equal, and the ever impending threat of humans, their most hated enemy, would be erased. â€Å"This single farm of ours would support a dozen horses, twenty cows, hundreds of sheep- and all of them living in a comfort and dignity that are now almost beyond our imagining..† Their idealism is quickly betrayed and the novels fleeting tone of inspiration, hope and excitement, is quickly replaced with a dark and disturbing tale of deception and deceit, where no longer every animal is equal, but rather, some animals are more equal then others. Animal Farm looks at the ideals of communism and how little more than a person working simply to their own agenda can destroy, what could have been, â€Å"Animal Farm† The propaganda and brainwashing of the animals throughout the novel is done so subtly that it's not until you put down the book, do you realize the extent to which they had been betrayed by the pigs in power. Many of the animals had lived through the rebellion and upon reflection of the poor conditions Animal Farm was in, not an animal coul... Free Essays on Animal Farm This novel takes place at a farm, which its name is Manor Farm, who’s owned by Mr. Jones. He a drunk that never really took care of his animals. There was a Boar that lived on the farm his name was Old Major. He is twelve years old, had lately grown rather stout, majestic- looking pig, tushes never been cut, and wise and benevolent appearance. He sets up a meeting to discuss an important matter that happened to him the night before. The discussion to place at night after Mr. Jones was asleep. In a barn is where all the animals had gather to listen to Old Major speech. Three dogs, a cat, pigeons, hens, pigs, cows, sheep’s, two horses named Clover, mother that never got her figure back after her fourth foal, the other named boxer, enormous beast, strong as two horses put together, white stripe down his nose, not very intelligent, respected for steadiness of character and tremendous powers of work, Muriel the goat, and Benjamin the donkey, the oldest animal on the farm and also the worst tempered. Topics of the meeting were that they do all the labor and get nothing back. Also says men are evil and that the animals should never adjust to their lifestyle. That is live in a house, sleep in bed, were clothes, drink alcohol, smoke tobacco, touch money, or engage in trade. An animal must not kill another animal. Last one was all animal are equal. All the animals agreed. This was his dream and the men were vanished. There was a song that he had forgot in from when he was little, but the dream reminded him the song. He sang the song that is called Beast of England. Eventually everyone knew the song. Then they went to sleep. Three nights later Old Major pasted away. It’s now early March and a lot of secret activity has been happening for the past three months. They would have meetings after Mr. Jones was a sleep and ended the meeting with the song Beast of England. There were three pigs that elaborated Old Majors theory. They a... Free Essays on Animal Farm ANIMAL FARM by George Orwell George Orwell's novel Animal Farm does an excellent job of drawing parallels from the situation leading up to the Russian Revolution of 1917. Animal Farm is a satire that uses its characters to symbolize leaders of the Russian Revolution. The animals of "Manor Farm", the setting of this novel, which symbolizes Russia, overthrow their human master after years of mistreatment. Led by the pigs, the farm animals continue to do their work, only with more pride, knowing that they are working for themselves, as opposed to working for their human master, Farmer Jones. Slowly over time the pigs gain power and take advantage of the other animals. They gain so much power that they become just as power hungry and corrupt as their human master. The theme in the novel being that in every society there are leaders who will, if given the chance, likely abuse their position. Old Major is a prize white boar who helps point out to the animals that no animal in England is free. He continues to tell the animals that the their labor is stolen by man, who benefits alone. The animals in return get near nothing, just enough to keep them away from starvation. Old Major gave many speeches to the farm animals about hope and the future. He is the main animal who got the rebellion started even though he died before it actually began. Old Major's role compares to Lenin and Marx whose ideas would spark the communist revolution. Lenin became the leader and teacher of the working class in Russia, and their determination to struggle against capitalism. Like Old Major, Lenin and Marx wrote essays and gave speeches to the working class poor. The working class in Russia, as compared with the barnyard animals in Animal Farm, were a laboring class of people that received low wages for their work. Old major tells the animals that the source of the problem is man, they must overthrow man to abolish tyranny and hunger. Soon Old Major does die, but ... Free Essays on Animal Farm Major Essay â€Å"Animal Farm† By: The Man Animal Farm by George Orwell served as an allegory for the Russian Revolution of 1917. â€Å"Manor Farm† (which is later re-named â€Å"Animal Farm†) represented Russia during the Russian Revolution. The surrounding farms in the novel can be compared to countries surrounding Russia. In this novel the animals are trying to overthrow the humans after years of being mistreated. The animals, led by the pigs, decide to start a revolution. Slowly over time the animals gained power. The pigs in this novel end up taking advantage of the other animals. This was much like the Russian leaders during The Russian Revolution. Many characters in this book symbolized Russian leaders from the Russian Revolution. Mr. Jones was like Czar Nicholas, Old Major was compared to Vladimir Lenin, Snowball was similar to Leon Trotsky, and Napoleon was reminiscent of Joseph Stalin. Mr. Jones is similar to the Russian leader Czar Nicholas who treated his people similar to how Farmer Jones treated his animals. The animal rebellion on the farm was started because Mr. Jones never took care of the animals. He always treated the animals unfairly. The animals became sick of Mr. Jones and they rebelled against him and defeated him at the Battle of Cowshed. This is like Czar Nicholas, who treated his people similar to how Farmer Jones treated his animals. The Czar made his people very mad with the way he used his power. Finally his people rebelled against him, imprisoned him, and he was eventually killed during the Civil War in Russia. Mr. Jones eventually died also, but it was not due to a war, it was due to him not taking care of himself. Old Major was a boar who helped point out to the animals that no animal in England was treated properly. Old Major gave many speeches and taught songs to the farm animals about hope for the future. Old Major explained to all of the animals in one of his speeches: Man is... Free Essays on Animal Farm "Twelve voices were shouting in anger and they were all alike. No question, now what had happened to the faces of the pigs the creatures outside looked from pigs to man and from man to pig and to man again but already it was impossible to tell which is which." Animal Farm by George Orwell is an entertaining story of allegory of the early history of the Soviet Union. This book describes the problems of communism as it was attempted in Russia during the 20th century. Before 1991 the Communist ideology and the Soviet Union were a major threat to the Western Democracies. In Animal Farm Orwell demonstrated the moral bankruptcy of the Russian Communist system also. Orwell intended to criticize the communist regime he saw sweeping through Russia and spreading to Europe and even the United States. Though he agreed with many Marxist principles, Orwell was unable to accept the communist interpretation of socialism because he saw many similarities between the communist governments and the previous czarist regimes in old Russia. Communism, he thought, was inherently hypocritical. In his self-proclaimed "fairy-story,"Orwell uses his allegorical farm to symbolize the communist system. Though the original intention of overthrowing Mr. Jones (who represents the Czars), is not inherently evil in itself, Napoleon*s subsequent adoption of nearly all of Mr. Jones* principles and harsh mistreatment of the animals proves to the reader that indeed communism is not equality, but just another form of inequality. The pigs and dogs take most of the power for themselves, thinking that they are the best administrators of government. Eventually the power corrupts them, and they turn on their fellow animals, eliminating competitors through propaganda and bloodshed. This is of course a reference to Stalin, who murdered many of his own people in order to maintain his dictatorship of Russia. Thanks in part to Animal Farm, much of the Western wo... Free Essays on Animal Farm Animal Farm: Russian Communism Portrayed Through Character The novel Animal Farm, by George Orwell, is an allegory portraying the dangers of a totalitarian government. It seeks to show how a society where all live completely equal has not been, and cannot be achieved. Orwell, through the use of the character Squealer, shows how propaganda can affect members of a communist society in a negative way. By drawing parallels to events in communist Russia, Orwell’s Animal Farm illustrates how propaganda was used to control the Soviet people by deceiving them, threatening them and keeping them ignorant in an attempt to maintain order. The story uses simple language to explain and expose the corruption of communist Russia. Throughout the story, Orwell uses Squealer to illustrate how propaganda persuaded and victimized Russian citizens. Squealer is a sly, crafty pig who is not only intelligent, but a manipulative speaker as well. His cunning is key to the deception of the other animals. In chapter three, Squealer deceives the animals of the farm for the first time. The animals find out that the milk and apples are given solely to the pigs, and Squealer is sent to explain the uneven distribution of farm resources. â€Å"‘Comrades’ he cried. ‘You do not imagine, I hope, that we pigs are doing this in a spirit of selfishness and privilege?’† (Orwell 42) He goes on to explain, â€Å"‘Milk and apples (this has been proved by science, comrades) contain substances absolutely necessary to the well-being of a pig. We pigs are brainworkers (42). Here, Squealer tries to convince the animals that it’s for health reasons that they take the apples and milk, but he tries to persuade them in other ways as well. Squealer continues, â€Å"‘the whole management and organization of this farm depend on us†¦. It is for your sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples’† (42). Finally, he convinces them with fear. â€Å"‘Do you... Free Essays on Animal Farm Animal Farm vs. Marxism Characters, items, and events found in George Orwells book, Animal Farm, can be compared to similar characters, items, and events found in Marxism and the 1917 Russian Revolution. This comparison will be shown by using the symbolism that is in the book with similarities found in the Russian Revolution. Old Major was a prized-boar that belonged to Farmer Jones. The fact that Old Major is himself a boar was to signify that radical change and revolution are, themselves, boring in the eyes of the proletariat (represented by the other barnyard animals), who are more prone to worrying about work and survival in their everyday life. Old Major gave many speeches to the farm animals about hope and the future. He is the main animal who got the rebellion started even though he died before it actually began. Old Major’s role compares to Lenin and Marx whose ideas were to lead to the communist revolution. Animal Farm is a criticism of Karl Marx, as well as a novel perpetuating his convictions of democratic Socialism. (Zwerdling, 20). Lenin became leader and teacher of the working class in Russia, and their determination to struggle against capitalism. Like Old Major, Lenin and Marx wrote essays and gave speeches to the working class poor. The working class in Russia, as compared with the barnyard animals in Animal Farm, were a laboring class of people that received low wages for their work. Like the animals in the farm yard, the people is Russia thought there would be no oppression in a new society because the working class people (or animals) would own all the riches and hold all the power. (Golubeva and Gellerstein 168). Another character represented in the book is Farmer Jones. He represents the symbol of the Czar Nicholas in Russia who treated his people like Farmer Jones treated his animals. The animal rebellion o... Free Essays on Animal Farm Animal Farm This amazing book was written by George Orwell, whose real name is Eric Blair, and it is about the lives of farm animals that rebel against humans. The animals live on Manor Farm and are owned by Mr. Jones, who always seems to be drunk in this book. The leader of the animals was an old pig named Old Major who one day had a dream about being free from the oppression of man. One evening, Old Major assembled the animals of Manor Farm and talked to them about how they live hard, short lives in slavery to the humans and that they should rebel and become free. Old Major got the idea from a song that came to him in a dream. The song talked about how the animals should be free one day. No one knew when the rebellion that Old Major talked about would happen, especially after Old Major died three days after the meeting. The pigs, which were the smartest of the animals, picked the two most pre-eminent pigs to assume the leadership role that Old Major left. The two pigs names were Snowball and Napoleon. These two pigs got together and organized all of Old Major’s thoughts into a system called Animalism. This was taught at night during secret meetings that were held in the big barn and the animals slowly learned it. Then one midsummer’s eve, the animals rebelled against Mr. Jones and his men because they had not been fed the whole day. This was not a planned attack, but the animals succeeded and kicked Mr. Jones and his men out. The animals were free. The next morning the animals set up rules, The Seven Commandments, and changed the name of the farm from Manor Farm to Animal Farm. Then the animals went out in the field to gather the hay and did it more quickly than Jones and his men ever did. It was also the biggest harvest they had ever seen because there was absolutely no waste. The animals heard that Jones might return and try to recapture the farm, so the animals started preparing for an attack. Then one day th... Free Essays on Animal Farm Animal Farm is set on an English farm named Manor Farm, owned by Mr. Jones. The fable-like story concerns the rebellion of the farm animals, and is told entirely from their point of view. The story opens with Mr. Jones stumbling into bed, unable to lock up the farm properly after a night of excessive whisky drinking. Old Major, the venerable and well-respected pig, has called all the animals together for a meeting to take place after Mr. Jones has gone to bed, and they gather outside the big barn on the farm. Old Major tells them all that he had a miraculous dream last night, in which he saw his approaching death, and also understood more clearly the life of animals. He wants to impart his realizations to the rest of the animals while he still can, as well as rouse them to take the action that he has come to feel is necessary. Old Major points out to the animals that the cause of their miserable existences is the tyranny of Man, who is a lazy, incompetent creature who steals the fruits of animals' labor for his own benefit. Old Major describes his vision of an England where animals could live in peaceful and plentiful coexistence with each other, free from the cruel tyranny of Man. He exhorts the animals to band together to defeat their common enemy, and teaches them all "Beasts of England," the song which becomes their revolutionary anthem and battle cry. The animals are greatly moved by Old Major's speech, and rally around the rebellion idea, singing "Beasts of England" until Mr. Jones is roused from his sleep and fires a shot into the air, quieting the animals to sleep. Three days later, Old Major dies and is buried. His revolutionary fervor lives on, and the animals begin to flesh in the revolutionary ideology with which they will overthrow Mr. Jones. Two of the pigs, Snowball and Napoleon, emerge as the leaders of the animals. Another pig named Squealer is also prominent for his persuasive speaking ability...

Transylvania University ACT Scores, Admit Rate, Tuition

Transylvania University ACT Scores, Admit Rate, Tuition Transylvania University Description: Transylvania University is a liberal arts college located on an attractive 48-acre campus in Lexington, Kentucky. The University of Kentucky is less than a mile away. Founded in 1780, Transylvania University is the sixteenth oldest college in the country and was the first college west of the Allegheny Mountains. Students can choose from 38 majors, and they also have the option of designing their own major. Popular choices include Accounting, Business Administration, Accounting, History, and Psychology. The university prides itself on the close interaction of faculty and students, something made possible by a 12 to 1 student / faculty ratio and an average class size of 17. Student life is active at Transylvania, and over half of all students belong to a fraternity or sorority. There are also a number of student-run clubs, activities, and performing arts groups. On the athletic front, the Transylvania Pioneers compete in the NCAA Division III Heartland Collegiate Athletic Conference fo r most sports. Popular sports include Swimming, Track and Field, Tennis, Soccer, and Golf.   Will You Get In? Calculate Your Chances of Getting In  with this free tool from Cappex Admissions Data (2016): Transylvania University Acceptance Rate: 95%GPA, SAT and ACT Graph for Transylvania AdmissionsTest Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: - / -SAT Math: - / -SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanSAT score comparison for Kentucky collegesACT Composite: - / -ACT English: - / -ACT Math: - / -What these ACT numbers meanACT score comparison for Kentucky colleges Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 963  (all undergraduate)Gender Breakdown: 42% Male / 58% Female99% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17): Tuition and Fees: $35,830Books: $1,000 (why so much?)Room and Board: $9,860Other Expenses: $2,100Total Cost: $48,790 Transylvania University Financial Aid (2015  - 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 100%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 100%Loans: 62%Average Amount of AidGrants: $22,945Loans: $6,663 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Accounting, Anthropology, Biology, Business Administration, Exercise Science, History, PsychologyWhat major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Retention and Graduation Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 86%4-Year Graduation Rate: 68%6-Year Graduation Rate: 75% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Lacrosse, Soccer, Tennis, Swimming, Baseball, Golf, Basketball, Track and Field, Cross CountryWomens Sports:  Volleyball, Tennis, Softball, Track and Field, Cross Country, Basketball, Golf, Field Hockey Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like Transylvania University, You May Also Like These Schools: Western Kentucky University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Louisville: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphVanderbilt University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphXavier University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphMiami University - Oxford: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBelmont University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphMorehead State University: Profile  Belmont University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphDePauw University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph Transylvania University Mission Statement: mission statement from the Transylvania University website Through an engagement with the liberal arts, Transylvania University prepares its students for a humane and fulfilling personal and public life by cultivating independent thinking, open-mindedness, creative expression, and commitment to lifelong learning and social responsibility in a diverse world.

Free to choose Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Free to choose - Assignment Example It is natural that different people may form diverse opinions of a person and therefore, the necessity to consider their opinion as a part of identity rises. As the most significant and well-known part of King’s legacy we will consider the famous speech â€Å"I have a dream† to examine people’s attitude towards racial identity. Identity of an individual is formed under the influence of numerous factors – social, political and cultural – that predetermine the way he/she will present him/herself to the society and his/her perceptions of various aspects of life. Moreover, in conditions of the modern culture, people tend to form their identities following the trends or adopting the legacy of certain prominent figures. Pop icons and mass media shape people’s views and behaviors and thus offer a wide range of opportunities for identity expression. Particularly, racial identity is the phenomenon that typically develops in close connection to such concepts as equality and segregation. This aspect of identity implies the way one feels about his or her race and, of course, the way society feels about it. On the other hand, one’s attitude towards certain race-related issue or figure might be subjected to this/her position in the historical and social contexts. Here, the issue of racial ide ntity for ethnic minorities like African Americans attracts much attention in this respect, as it used to be the issue of controversy and oppression for many years before African Americans succeeded in the struggle for their rights. Currently, the figure discussed is Martin Luther King, who made an immense contribution to formation of many people’s racial identity and proclamation of total racial equality. The personality of Martin Luther King is of extraordinary significance in the long struggle against racial discrimination and violation of human rights, which took so many years from the racial minorities.

In International Business, identify and discuss the various steps Essay

In International Business, identify and discuss the various steps management must take to establish a successful export strategy - Essay Example In spite of the achievement of the highest quality, many businesses fail to operate successfully in an international environment because they are not prepared well to tackle the challenges they would encounter. Such challenges include but are not limited to linguistic barriers and cultural differences. â€Å"companies operate more easily in a country with similar physical and social conditions to those in their home country because they have less adjustment to make there† (Daniels, 1998, p. 25). The process of transition can be made smoother and more efficient by sending company’s trustworthy, hard-working, and efficient employees abroad as expatriates to learn the foreign culture, customs, rules and regulations, and work out ways to establish the business abroad along with creating a positive image of the brand among the public at large. Finally, the most important step in a successful export strategy is the marketing of the service or product. â€Å"When companies operate internationally they can inadvertently sacrifice the philosophical concepts of their management along with their other assets† (Akintunde, 2008, p. 1). It is critically important to preserve and foster the original philosophical concepts in the marketing campaigns so that the public can sense what benefits this foreign business brings to their

Manager in a News Paper Office Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Manager in a News Paper Office - Essay Example The inputs from different parts of the country may be from network of the company and the inputs regarding news all over the world can come through internet. Extracting news or inputs from network of the company involves managers who work under him and are responsible for collecting the inputs. The next part involves the middle management that exists between the person we discuss and the managers mentioned just above. The middle management compile the data according to the instructions and then pass on to the immediate subordinates of the person, whom we are about to discuss in this paper. The managerial role of Editor involves interpersonal, informational and discretional management. The interpersonal management deals with coordination of field staff and desk staff. The informational role plays a major role in being connected as presentation and organizing the news is the production activity in a news paper. The discretional management lies in deciding the presentation of news and a rticles according to contemporary needs of the society and subscribers. The real responsibility of the Manager (Editor) lies here as he has to go through the compiled or short listed inputs and then has to decide the placement of the news in different pages of the News Paper. ... In addition to the innovational presentation of the news in the News Paper and the official Website of the Paper, the Editor has to deal with two types of environment internally. The first one is the environment regarding reporters and contributors, who furnish inputs to the Newspaper. The second environment is comprised of the Sub Editors, News Editors who analyze and organize the news in print and electronic edition of the News Paper. Monitoring of economic, sociological and political trends is a responsibility as Editor has to follow the above trends in organizing the information. The first environment provides inputs and they deal with number of practical consequences. The editor has to make sure that the inputs are coming in properly by contacting the local bureau chiefs who supervise the inputs coming in. As coverage of the latest news in time is important, the Editor has to make sure that a reporter is present in night duty in each bureau to monitor the latest happenings in his area. While coming to the internal environment, it comprises of sub editors, Senior Sub Editors, Senior Sub Editors, Chief Sub Editors and News Editors. The Sub Editors and Senior Sub Editors are responsible for editing and re writing the news articles and chief subeditors monitor the production work. The Chief Sub Editors report to News Editors and Assistant Editors and they decide about the organizing the data. The Editor has to coordinate with News Editors and Assistant Editors and Associate Editors regarding the organization of data and in case of any doubts can contact Chief Sub Editors to know about the ground realities. After this initial exercise the News Editors and Assistant Editors organize the data in different pages of print and electronic editions.

Hazards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hazards - Essay Example Because of the large area that the fire covered, as many as 563 fire personnel, 39 fire engines, 20 fire crews, a helicopter, five dozers, up to nine water tenders, and four fire departments were working side-by-side in order to put a large fire under control. The management responses as well as recovery efforts were deemed successful because compared to other reported incidents in areas up to 400% smaller, the time spent in managing the fire in Flynn Creek Road was comparable in brevity, considering the large area where the wild fire occurred. California Wild Fires as Environmental Hazards Fires have been an integral part of ecosystems and human societies for as long as history has been known. When properly used, it can give a lot of benefits such as clearing lands for agriculture, oxidizing all possibly flammable organic materials, hastening the decomposition process of detritus, and inducing growth in forests (Omi, 2005). However, when fires are left to burn on their own and uncon trolled in rural or woodland areas, fired could gain enough power to destroy nearby buildings, acres of land, or large parts of forest areas, causing numerous damage not just in human settlements but also in the natural environment as well. Thus, it is essential that fires occurring in places that contain many flammable materials and things such as forests and woodlands be controlled as much as possible in order to prevent damages (Omi, 2005). One of the most well-known places often seen in news having reported incidents of uncontrolled fires is the State of California. Fire ecology has been most extensively studied in California, mainly due to its numerous and diverse ecosystems (Sugihara et al., 2009). Wildfires occurring during the hot summer months have been reported as a part of the complex interactions between the environment, the atmosphere, and the climate of California. Due to the natural occurrence of fires in its forests, many plants in California have evolved into fire-t olerant species, some of which even need the fires to complete their life cycles (Sugihara et al., 2009). Still, these wild fires are still needed to be controlled because aside from the potential dangers posed to humans and settlements, entire ecosystems could also get wiped out, disrupting the balance of nature. It is good to know that the number of ignitions reported each year is less important than the size of the area burned, due to the wild fires being controlled at the earliest time possible (Omi, 2005). The knowledge that wild fires are attended to by the Fire Departments give assurance to residents not just in California but also in other places that most wild fires are stopped before extending over larger areas. In one of the most recent reported and managed wild fires by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, or CAL FIRE, a large area had to be attended by numerous fire personnel in order for the fire to be controlled at the least time possible. In Men docino County in California, an area 195 acres and enclosed by Flynn Creek Road and the Comptche Ukiah Road near the Comptche Community caught fire October 1, at around 2:20 PM (California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, CAL FIRE, 2012). It was fully controlled October 4, at around 6:15 PM, 75 hours after it was first reported. Despite

IMC is Not a Proven Marketing Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

IMC is Not a Proven Marketing Theory - Essay Example Direct Marketing is an approach used to create relationship with customers and delivering information about products to customer, the method is mainly used for selling financial services to customers, direct marketing also helps to close sales cycle within a short time period. Sales Promotion is the process that helps the company to increase brand visibility in point of sales and point of purchases, companies use the technique to increase new product usage ratio among customers, the process also helps to increase customer footfall in the retail stores, companies use loyalty card, discount method, incentive schemes to increase purchase ratio among customers. Public Relation companies can go for organizing public events or news paper editorial about their new product, they use trade shows to increase category visibility among customers, creating good word of mouth about the product is one of the major objectives of public relation (Jones). Many advertising agencies have shifted focus f rom creating unilateral promotional message to making multidimensional promotional message. Main purpose of IMC is to channelize the promotional message in a unified manner though all promotional medium. David Ogilvy has characterized IMC as one stop solution offered by advertising agencies to companies. Keith Reinhard (CEO of DDB Needham) thinks IMC is an effective way to produce creative brand message. Many research scholars think demassifiction played pivotal role in evolution of IMC. After 1970, media industry started to restructure into smaller operational units. They started giving importance to various promotional medium rather than concentrating on age old advertising model. In this way IMC has emerged as a common platform to integrate various promotional medium (Schultz, Tannenbaum and Lauterborn 6). IMC is a process to align communication objectives of a company with corporate goals to achieve business efficiency. Jerome McCarthy used the concept of four P’s (Produc t, price, place and promotion) during 1950’s for the first time (Jerome McCarthy used 4P’s concept in his book â€Å"Basic Marketing† published in 1960 and he used the concept to explain campaign made by JWT). Philip Kotler and other academicians (in 1965, Philip Kotler described 4P’s as various marketing variables in his article) proselytized the concept in coming years. Four P’s can be described in the following manner. Product- the strategy emphasizes on manufacturing products, maintaining the quality standard of product and optimum utilization of resources during production process. Price- deciding the price of the product in accordance with the demand of the product, setting high price or low price for the product is an important part of pricing strategy. Place- designing distribution network for the product, company creates distribution network to expand the reach of the product, appointing c&f agents, stockiest, wholesalers, retailers are pa rt of distribution strategy. Promotion- companies use direct marketing, sales promotion, and advertising activities to

The Three Strategic Business Units of the Company Essay

The Three Strategic Business Units of the Company - Essay Example Arising men Jacob, Douglas, and Abraham formed a partnership called Feingold Brothers & Company in Baltimore that offered banking and financial services to merchants, individuals, and institutions. They were conservative in their approach hence the firm remained unaffected by the 1929 depression. The company had also obtained memberships of NYSE, NASD, ASE and the CBO well after the 1929 banking debacle and therefore was largely unaffected by it. But that was when they decided to move out of general banking and concentrate on their core activity of merchant banking only. By then they had expanded and established offices in New York, and other East Coast cities. By the eighties the firm had expanded substantially through mergers and takeovers over the years, and in 1987 it changed its name to Feigngold Investments Inc., and decided to move out of their conservative mould after the stock market crash. The period 1999-2000 was spectacular for Feigngold but by then they needed to upgrade in networking to cope with increasing and expanding business in order to serve its widespread customers through highly dispersed offices in highly competitive markets. Despite there being approval from the owners for such an investment in networking as well as technology there appears to be strong resistance from managerial and supervisory staff who believe that the existing systems, that are outsourced and managed by a third party, are capable of delivering the desired information. The company had expanded on the back of a robust national economy that had become global by now. It had neglected to follow the best practices in management and had continued to rely on its traditional strength of personalized service. As a result there were structural weaknesses that showed up during periods of high stress and strain in a particularly competitive and volatile financial environment. It has major problems in three main areas that need addressing quickly.

IMC is Not a Proven Marketing Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

IMC is Not a Proven Marketing Theory - Essay Example Direct Marketing is an approach used to create relationship with customers and delivering information about products to customer, the method is mainly used for selling financial services to customers, direct marketing also helps to close sales cycle within a short time period. Sales Promotion is the process that helps the company to increase brand visibility in point of sales and point of purchases, companies use the technique to increase new product usage ratio among customers, the process also helps to increase customer footfall in the retail stores, companies use loyalty card, discount method, incentive schemes to increase purchase ratio among customers. Public Relation companies can go for organizing public events or news paper editorial about their new product, they use trade shows to increase category visibility among customers, creating good word of mouth about the product is one of the major objectives of public relation (Jones). Many advertising agencies have shifted focus f rom creating unilateral promotional message to making multidimensional promotional message. Main purpose of IMC is to channelize the promotional message in a unified manner though all promotional medium. David Ogilvy has characterized IMC as one stop solution offered by advertising agencies to companies. Keith Reinhard (CEO of DDB Needham) thinks IMC is an effective way to produce creative brand message. Many research scholars think demassifiction played pivotal role in evolution of IMC. After 1970, media industry started to restructure into smaller operational units. They started giving importance to various promotional medium rather than concentrating on age old advertising model. In this way IMC has emerged as a common platform to integrate various promotional medium (Schultz, Tannenbaum and Lauterborn 6). IMC is a process to align communication objectives of a company with corporate goals to achieve business efficiency. Jerome McCarthy used the concept of four P’s (Produc t, price, place and promotion) during 1950’s for the first time (Jerome McCarthy used 4P’s concept in his book â€Å"Basic Marketing† published in 1960 and he used the concept to explain campaign made by JWT). Philip Kotler and other academicians (in 1965, Philip Kotler described 4P’s as various marketing variables in his article) proselytized the concept in coming years. Four P’s can be described in the following manner. Product- the strategy emphasizes on manufacturing products, maintaining the quality standard of product and optimum utilization of resources during production process. Price- deciding the price of the product in accordance with the demand of the product, setting high price or low price for the product is an important part of pricing strategy. Place- designing distribution network for the product, company creates distribution network to expand the reach of the product, appointing c&f agents, stockiest, wholesalers, retailers are pa rt of distribution strategy. Promotion- companies use direct marketing, sales promotion, and advertising activities to

Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Term Paper

Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering - Term Paper Example In the field of biotechnology, modern techniques enable the genes to be removed from one organism and inserted into another in order to produce a desired substance, for example, Insulin. Another example is of fire fly. When a gene of fire fly is introduced into tobacco protoplast, the gene produces an enzyme, luciferase. When adult plant is sprayed with substrate luciferin, it glows. Many of human diseases are cured by means of this technology. Biotechnology has produced multiple drugs and vaccines. Bacteria naturally clean up the environment by killing and engulfing the pollutants, but genetic engineers have produced much more improved types of bacteria that can finish the environmental pollutants, increase soil fertility and function as pesticides in a much more efficient manner as compared to naturally occurring bacteria. Similarly, by using the knowledge of biotechnology, the scientists have altered the genotype and phenotype of plants and animals for the benefit of mankind. Some times natural mutation of genes in humans cause malfunctioning in their bodies, the biotechnologists replaces the faulty genes by healthy ones. The gene therapy in which genes are inserted into the cell outside the body is called Ex Vivo gene therapy and within the body is called In Vivo gene therapy. ... The DNA which contains DNA from two different sources is called recombinant DNA. The following bacterial is required for producing recombinant DNA. Isolation of gene from the chromosome The chromosomes are cut on the flanking sites to isolate the genes from them. The enzymes restriction endonucleases are used for this purpose. The genes can also be chemically synthesized in the laboratory or synthesized from messenger RNA by an enzyme named reverse transcriptase. The obtained DNA is termed as complimentary DNA. (Peacock,2010) Molecular Scissor Endoneucleases (restriction enzymes) cut down the viral DNA and restrict their growth. Hamilton O Smith at Johns Hopkins University was the person who isolated the first restriction Enzyme. The specific sites in DNA show specific sequence of four to six nucleotides arranged symmetrically in the reverse order. These sequences are known as Palindromic sequence. Restriction enzymes cut the DNA at the specific sites. Out of four hundred isolated en zymes, twenty are frequently used in recombinant technology. ECORI (a restriction enzyme) cuts double stranded DNA at the cleavage site so that a gap is formed to fit the foreign DNA with its complimentary ends into the gap. (Yount, 2008) Vector (the molecular carrier) Vector is a method by which recombinant DNA is inserted into a host cell. In this method, plasmids (natural extra chromosomal circular DNA) are used as vectors. They carry genes. DNA of bacterial virus is also used as vector. Lambdaphage (vector) attaches to a host bacterium. The recombinant DNA releasing from the virus enters the bacterium and replicates to produce many copies of virus each containing a copy of the gene of choice. Plasmids are cut with enzymes to

Effects of stress on undergraduate academic performance

Effects of stress on undergraduate academic performance Studies have identified that the sources of stress, which influence the performance of students, change because of the wide extent of stressors whilst at university. Stress is one of the most common emotions that are experienced by human beings (Alansari, 2006). There can be a number of reasons why students develop stress, personal factors that are unique to the individual are categorised by the demographic classification. Students can have an increase in stress because of the year in which they are in (Naidu et al, 2002) (Sanders et al, 1999)) this may relate to the increased workload from the progression of the course. Age can be another contributing factor, with older students having more pressure to achieve a higher standard of academic performance when compared to younger students (Naidu et al, 2002), (Sanders et al, 1999)). When starting university there may be changes taking place that are new to the individuals thus leading to stressors that can include an impact upon the health of the individual. According to Liu, Shono Kitamura (2009), The concept of well-being refers to optimal psychological functioning and experience. This shows that when a person has a positive wellbeing, it will reflect in their day-to-day living, such as doing housework, maintaining good personal hygiene and completing tasks on time. Naturally, if a person is not in optimal mental shape, they will not be performing to their best potential, possibly having a negative effect on their lives. If this happens during University, there will be a high amount of risk of failure. People attend a University to better themselves academically so they can be successful in the future, providing a safe environment in terms of money and lifestyle. University is also a big financial obstacle in modern times, so adverse grades would ultimately b e a waste of money. An increase in depressive students in counselling, in the UK has led psychologists to wonder whether the financial hardship that some students face, may be severely influencing students mental health (Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2003). In a study by Andrews Wilding (2004), nearly 10% of the first year students, who had answered the survey, became depressed during their first semester, whilst 20% became anxious during their studies. The prime reason for these depressive episodes was due to financial difficulties and relationship problems (separated from significant other). This ultimately led poor performance during the end of term examinations. The personal factors that students experience can have adverse effects on their health through stress. These include the financial implications that can arise from the nature of being independent at university (Garbee et al, 1980), (Grandy et al, 1989) which can relate to the social class (Fredericks et al, 1967). Family issues have been proven to contribute towards the stress of students whilst they are staying away from home if a problem occurs (Garbee et al, 1980). An increase in depressive students in counselling, in the UK has led psychologists to wonder whether the financial hardship that some students face, may be severely affecting students mental health (Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2003). In a study by Andrews Wilding (2004), nearly 10% of the first year students, who had answered the survey, became depressed during their first semester, whilst 20% became anxious during their studies. The prime reason for these depressive episodes was due to financial difficulties and relationship problems (separated from significant other). This ultimately led poor performance during the end of term examinations. Sell Robsons (1998) study into student life at the prestigious Oxford University found that out of the 318 respondents to the Questionnaire, a third felt that they were discriminated against due to their social class (not being invited to balls) ,despite enjoying the overall experience. In addition, 1/3 of female undergraduates had been sexually harassed or discriminated against during their time at university. Their overall learning experience had been stopped abruptly due to differences in gender, which would be an extremely troubling experience. The study also found that there was a large prevalence of Class A drug taking and overuse of Alcohol during the respondents time at university, providing a possible solution to stressful experience or a route provided by peer pressure (Kosviner, Hawks Webb, 1973) If the student is from another country there may be a language barrier can cause stress through an increased workload, a lowering of the conceptual understanding of the learning content and being unfamiliar with processes (Acharya et al, 2003). Although, in Li, Lin, Bray and Kehles 2005 study, it was clear that the some of the reasons for stress may vary cross culturally. Their study found that the main cause of Anxiety among Chinese undergraduates was because of competition with other students and inadequate learning facilities, where as the factors affecting American students usually were due to relationship problems between the student and their significant other or parent. The poor learning resources provided to some Chinese students would of course impair learning, yet is overshadowed by the constant need to perform better than any other student is. This shows that possibly in eastern cultures, money and time management are not as central to learning as in the West. The housing where the student resides can influence health by introducing stress because of financial worries ((Naidu et al, 2002)). Some studies do report that stress is higher amongst those who live away from home (33) as opposed to those who live with parents. Yet on the other hand, other studies show that people who live at home are more stressed (Omigbodun et al, 2006). The academic factors which contribute towards the stress of students can vary depending on the personal factors indicated above including the lack of confidence that the student will perform to their full potential (Heath et al, 1990), (Acharya et al, 2003) this can be influenced by the competition which is within and between peer groups (Rosli et al, 2005), (Goldstein et al, 1979). Examinations can influence the amount of stress that a student is exposed to (Rosli et al, 2005), (Sanders et al, 1999) and the general fear of unemployment after graduating, especially within the current economic climate (Al-Omari et al, 2005), (Morse et al, 2007) A 2007 study by Henry Chow measured the achievement and psychological well-being of students from the University of Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. He found that the most common factors affecting academic performance were the amount of time spent studying, the physical health of the student and the struggle to attempt a balance between their social life and work time. Chows study found that those students who were of good physical health (regular exercise/ good diet), were financially secure and set out goals for the future fared better during their undergraduate years. In regards to the latter statement, the fact that the students knew what they were aiming for academically, meant that they were not preoccupied during their work, thinking about their forthcomings. The academic factors, which influence the levels of stress of students, can fluctuate according to their level of study (Naidu et al, 2002), (Sanders et al, 1999). However, the main factors remain significant in their contribution towards stress. These factors include the fact that during examination periods students are under more pressure to perform to their full potential (Rosli et al, 2005), (Sanders et al, 1999), yet on the contrary the opposite can occur because of the influence that stress could have on memory. The influence that stress has on memory is that the Hippocampus is extremely vulnerable to long term stress, due to the high numbers of Glucocorticoid receptors. It is also extremely vital in terms of memory consolidation. During a stressful period, the Hippocampus is bathed in Cortisol, shrinking it, which will impair memory retrieval, particularly of facts. For example, if an individual needs to hastily remember a lot of information for an exam, but has left it to the last minute, they will probably be fairly stressed. In turn, this will mean that any revision that they will do the night before will be not remembered, due to the deactivation of the hippocampus. The Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum, which are vital for remembering skills, will not be affected, meaning day-to-day activities such as driving or showering will not be impaired during stressful times. Although, social matters do not necessarily always affect Students stress levels; it is possible that the course itself is the cause of anxiety. An Australian study into the academic performance of nursing students (Lo, 2002) found that the main cause of stress during study was because of the challenging medical curriculum. Finance, family issues and healthy living surprisingly followed this. In addition, it was found that depression was much more prevalent among second year students, than first or third year undergraduates were. Likewise, a similar study into medical undergraduates in Pakistan found that stress was linked to curriculum, but also to parental expectations. This shows that there may be a possible link to stressful periods with high academically demanding degrees i.e. doctors and nurses being associated with being more academic than others, thus providing a level of honour among families (Shah, Hasan, Malik Sreeramareddy, 2010). Jones, Dean Los (2002) study found that physical inactivity resulted in the students who were more anxious developing high blood pressure, due to the stress from university. Although, it can be seen that due to the high amounts of anxiety, the student would be less likely to take up exercise, possibly due to financial difficulties or simply just a lack of time. Chapel, Blanding, Silverstein, Takahashi, Newman, Gubi McCann (2005) examined specifically Test Anxiety and its effect on academic performance through high or low Grade point averages. It was found that females with low-test anxiousness had significantly higher average grades than females who are highly stressed around the exam period. Out of the 4,000 undergraduate sample used, females had significantly higher grades than male undergraduates did. Although, it was found that females also had the highest amount of test anxiety in the run up to the examination period. A 2008 study by Bayram Bilgel focused on a recent international concern that the mental health and general wellbeing of students was rapidly becoming more negative. Using a 1,617 Turkish student sample, they found that first and second year undergraduates reported the highest amounts of stress. In the questionnaire (Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale), students were asked to rate the level of satisfaction they had with the course. The majority who were very satisfied with the course also had a low depression level. Similarly, Chambel Curral (2005) gave 825 Portuguese students a questionnaire designed to measure the levels of academic work, amount of peer support and satisfaction with academic life. It was found that levels of overall happiness had a direct impact on positive or negative academic performance. If a person is not satisfied with their course, their future options may be constantly on their mind, diverting their attention away from their current studies. The symptoms that stress has on student academic performance can be explained through a number of pathways. These different pathways include Anxiety (Grandy et al, 1984), (Heath et al, 1990) Depression (Grandy et al, 1984), (Heath et al, 1990) Sleeplessness (Tisdelle et al, 1984) which can lead to Memory problems (Davis et al, 1989).The Hippocampus is extremely vulnerable to long term stress, due to the high numbers of Glucocorticoid receptors. It is also extremely vital in terms of memory consolidation. During a stressful period, the Hippocampus is bathed in Cortisol, shrinking it, which will impair memory retrieval, particularly of facts. For example, if an individual needs to hastily remember a lot of information for an exam, but has left it to the last minute, they will probably be fairly stressed. In turn, this will mean that any revision that they will do the night before will be not remembered, due to the deactivation of the hippocampus (Rosli et al, 2005). The Basal Ganglia a nd Cerebellum which are vital for remembering skills will not be affected, meaning day to day activities such as driving or showering will not be impaired during stressful times (Ng et al, 2003). Conclusion